Diagnostic challenge between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis in chronic diarrhea with ulcerated jejunal stenosis: a case report / Desafío diagnóstico entre la enfermedad de Crohn y la tuberculosis intestinal en la diarrea crónica con estenosis yeyunal ulcerada: reporte de un caso

ABSTRACT Intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease are a diagnostic challenge because of the clinical, radiological and endoscopic similarity. The histological and microbiological findings are positive in less than 50%, which delays the correct treatment, putting the patient at risk. We reported a 34-year-old immunocompetent patient with 4 years of malabsorptive diarrhea, weight loss, nocturnal diaphoresis, abdominal pain and an ulcer with stenosis in the jejunum was found; she received empirical anti- tuberculosis treatment with clinical improvement. Later the culture was positive for M. tuberculosis.

RESUMEN La tuberculosis intestinal y la enfermedad de Crohn son un desafío diagnóstico debido a la similitud clínica, radiológica y endoscópica. Los hallazgos histológicos y microbiológicos son positivos en menos del 50%, lo que retrasa el correcto tratamiento, poniendo en riesgo al paciente. Reportamos un paciente de 34 años inmunocompetente con 4 años de diarrea malabsortiva, pérdida de peso, diaforesis nocturna, dolor abdominal y se encontró una úlcera con estenosis en yeyuno; recibió tratamiento empírico antituberculoso con mejoría clínica. Posteriormente el cultivo fue positivo para M. tuberculosis.

Consideraciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas de la tuberculosis intestinal / Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations about Abdominal Tuberculosis

Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad reemergente, importante como causa mayor de incapacidad y muerte en muchas zonas del mundo. La tuberculosis intestinal representa 11 por ciento de todas las formas extrapulmonares; 0,5 por ciento de todos los casos nuevos de y el 10 al 15 por ciento en los no infectados por el VIH. En el municipio Tunas se notificó el caso de un adolescente de 17 años, masculino, al que se le diagnostica esta enfermedad luego de haber presentado síntomas de dolor abdominal recurrente durante de varios meses antes del diagnóstico. Objetivo: Actualizar la información sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis intestinal. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre tuberculosis intestinal con la literatura encontrada en bases de datos disponibles en la red Infomed: PubMed, Hinari, The Cochrane Library, SciELO, MEDLINE y MedicLatina; con un enfoque histórico-lógico y de análisis-síntesis. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico precoz de la tuberculosis intestinal sin tuberculosis pulmonar activa continúa siendo un problema de salud, ya que los parámetros clínicos, bioquímicos, imagenológicos y endoscópicos aún carecen de especificidad, y en algunos casos se ha mostrado resistencia al tratamiento habitual(AU)

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a reemerging disease, also important as a major cause of disability and death in many regions of the world. Abdominal tuberculosis represents 11 percent of all extrapulmonary forms; 0.5 percent of all new cases of HIV infection and 10-15 percent of those not infected with HIV. In Las Tunas Municipality, the case of a 17-year-old male adolescent who was diagnosed with this disease was reported after the patient presented symptoms of recurrent abdominal pain for several months before diagnosis. Objective: To update information on the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal tuberculosis. Methods: A literature review on intestinal tuberculosis was carried out with the literature found in databases available on the Infomed network, such as PubMed, Hinari, The Cochrane Library, SciELO, MEDLINE, and MedicLatina, with a historical-logical and analysis-synthesis approach. Conclusions: The early diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis without active pulmonary tuberculosis continues to be a health concern, since clinical, biochemical, imaging, and endoscopic parameters still lack specificity, and, in some cases, resistance to usual treatment has been shown(AU)

Obstrucción duodenal y hemorragia digestiva alta como presentación inicial de una tuberculosis duodenal aislada / Duodenal obstruction and upper gastrointestinal bleeding as the initial presentation of an isolated duodenal tuberculosis

Resumen La tuberculosis duodenal primaria es muy infrecuente, incluso en regiones endémicas. El diagnóstico plantea un gran reto, y requiere un alto índice de sospecha, apoyado en estudios de imágenes, microbiología, e histopatología obtenida por biopsia endoscópica o quirúrgica. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 31 años, sin infección por VIH ni antecedente de tuberculosis, que debutó con una obstrucción duodenal. Posterior a una laparatomía exploradora presentó una estenosis duodenal y una hemorragia digestiva alta. Luego de varias biopsias no concluyentes, sólo la última, realizada con la técnica "biopsia sobre biopsia", demostró la presencia de granulomas con bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes. El diagnóstico de tuberculosis fue confirmado por reacción de polimerasa en cadena de tejido duodenal. No se evidenció compromiso de otros órganos. La respuesta terapéutica fue excelente.

Primary duodenal tuberculosis is rare, even in endemic regions. The diagnosis poses a major challenge and requires a high index of suspicion, supported by imaging studies, microbiology, and histopatology obtained by endoscopic or surgical biopsy. We report the case of a 31-year-old man, without HIV infection or any previous history of tuberculosis, who presented with duodenal obstruction. After exploratory laparotomy, he presented a duodenal stenosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A total of four diagnostic procedures (one laparotomy and three endoscopies) were performed, all of which included biopsies. Only the last endoscopy made with the technique "biopsy upon biopsy" showed the presence of acid fast bacilli and granulomas. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in duodenal tissue. There was no evidence of involvement of other organs by tuberculosis. The patient had an excellent therapeutic response.

Perfil clínico, teste padrão da resistência à droga e resultados do tratamento de pacientes com tuberculose abdominal da Índia ocidental / Clinical profile, drug resistance pattern and treatment outcomes of abdominal tuberculosis patients in western india

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abdominal tuberculosis is an increasing problem in developing world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the clinical presentations, drug resistance pattern and treatment outcomes of abdominal tuberculosis in Western India. METHODS: All the cases of abdominal tuberculosis from May 2014 to April 2017, diagnosed on the basis of clinical profile and gross morphological findings at endoscopy, imaging, followed by histology and/or GeneXpert and MGIT culture were included. All patients received antitubercular drug (AKT) therapy according to national protocol. Patients were followed from diagnoses till completion of treatment and various parameters were studied. RESULTS: Out of the 176 patients, 48% were males. Abdominal pain was most common complaint in 83.5%. On colonoscopy terminal ileum and ileocaecal valve were most commonly involved segments. Upper gastrointestinal tract was involved in four patients. Overall ulceronodular lesions were most common followed by ulcerative/nodular lesion. Strictures in bowel were seen in 28 (15.9%) patients with ileocaecal valve being most commonly involved, of which 23 had symptomatic relief with AKT and only three required dilatation. Histopathology showed granuloma in 80.8% cases. MGIT was positive in 43 (35.80%) cases and GeneXpert was positive in 35 (26.1%) cases. Eight patients had multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Only two patients required surgical management. CONCLUSION: Abdominal tuberculosis with wide spectrum of presentation, can still be managed with early diagnosis and treatment even in patients with sub acute intestinal obstruction. Weight gain or resolving symptoms were considered early markers of treatment response. Patients with stricture can become asymptomatic with medical treatment alone.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A tuberculose abdominal é um problema crescente no mundo em desenvolvimento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as apresentações clínicas, o padrão de resistência a fármacos e os desfechos de tratamento da tuberculose abdominal na Índia ocidental. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos todos os casos de tuberculose abdominal de maio de 2014 a abril de 2017, diagnosticados com base no perfil clínico e nos resultados morfológicos brutos na endoscopia, imagem latente, seguido pela histologia e/ou pela cultura de GeneXpert e de MGIT. Todos os pacientes receberam a terapia antitubercular da droga (AKT) de acordo com o protocolo nacional. Os pacientes foram acompanhados de diagnósticos até a conclusão do tratamento e vários parâmetros foram estudados. RESULTADOS: Dos 176 pacientes, 48% eram do sexo masculino. A dor abdominal foi a queixa mais comum em 83,5%. Na colonoscopia, o íleo terminal e a válvula íleo-cecal foram os segmentos mais comumente envolvidos. O trato gastrointestinal superior foi envolvido em quatro pacientes. As lesões ulceronodulares totais foram as mais comuns seguidas pela lesão ulcerosa/nodular. As estenoses foram observadas em 28 (15,9%) pacientes priciplamente com a válvula íleo-cecal envolvida, dos quais 23 tiveram alívio sintomático com AKT e somente três necessitaram de dilatação. A histopatologia mostrou o granuloma em 80,8% casos. O MGIT foi positivo em 43 (35,80%) e GeneXpert foi positivo em 35 (26,1%) casos. Oito pacientes tiveram tuberculose resistente a múltiplas drogas. Apenas dois pacientes necessitaram de manejo cirúrgico. CONCLUSÃO: A tuberculose abdominal com amplo espectro de apresentação, ainda pode ser manuseada com diagnóstico precoce e tratamento mesmo em pacientes com obstrução intestinal sub-aguda. Ganho de peso ou sintomas resolvidos foram considerados marcadores precoces de resposta ao tratamento. Pacientes com estenose podem se tornar assintomáticos com tratamento médico isoladamente.

Tuberculosis abdominal: patología infrecuente en un paciente joven: reporte de un caso / Abdominal tuberculosis: an unusual disease in a young patient: a case report

Resumen Introducción: La tuberculosis abdominal es un problema reemergente, y es una de las enfermedades transmisibles más importante en todo el mundo. A pesar de las expectativas acerca de su erradicación en países en desarrollo, ha sido recientemente declarada de nuevo como una patología de emergencia mundial. Con el aumento de su incidencia y prevalencia, su forma abdominal es una de las presentaciones de afectación extrapulmonar más comunes. Objetivo: Dado que la tuberculosis puede afectar diversos órganos, tiene una amplia gama y gran espectro de signos y síntomas que dificultan su diagnóstico y retrasan el tratamiento. Por esto, se realiza esta revisión de tema, concentrándonos en que el alto índice de sospecha debe ser un factor importante en el diagnóstico precoz, para que una vez establecido, se pueda iniciar el tratamiento ayudando a prevenir y disminuir las altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad evidenciadas en la actualidad. Caso Clínico: Paciente joven con presencia de ascitis secundaria a tuberculosis abdominal confirmada por una biopsia y el aumento de la adenosin deaminasa en el líquido peritoneal. Se describen los principales hallazgos clínicos, paraclínicos, estudios imagenológicos y tratamiento.

Introduction: Abdominal tuberculosis is a reemerging problem and is one of the most important communicable diseases in the world. Despite expectations about the eradication in developing countries, it has recently been re-declared as a global emergency pathology. The increased incidence and prevalence shows an abdominal shape as one of the most common extrapulmonary involvement presentations. Objective: Since tuberculosis can affect various organs, it has a wide range and spectrum of signs and symptoms that make diagnosis difficult and delay treatment. Therefore, this review of the topic is done, concentrating on the fact that the high suspicion index should be an important factor in the early diagnosis. Treatment can be initiated helping to prevent and reduce high morbidity and mortality rates. Case Report: We present a case of a young patient with ascites secondary to abdominal tuberculosis confirmed by biopsy and increased adenosine deaminase in the peritoneal fluid. The main clinical findings, paraclinic, imaging studies and treatment are described.

Tuberculosis intestinal simulando tumor de colon. informe de un caso / Intestinal tuberculosis simulating colon tumor. report of a case

Se presentó el caso de un paciente del sexo masculino de 40 años, de procedencia rural, con antecedentes patológicos de bronquiectasias y de un derrame pleural que curó espontáneamente. El mismo presentó manifestaciones compatibles con tuberculosis intestinal que debutó con tumoración en fosa iliaca derecha, fiebre y dolor abdominal. Se valoró el caso en el colectivo de Neumología, donde teniendo en cuenta la evolución clínica y resultado de los exámenes complementarios realizados, se decidió iniciar tratamiento específico antituberculoso con el diagnóstico de tuberculosis intestinal. Después de estos estudios, evolucionó favorablemente con el tratamiento protocolizado(AU)

It is presented the case of a male patient of 40 years, of rural origin, with a pathological history of bronchiectasis and a pleural effusion that cured spontaneously. The patient presented symptoms compatible with intestinal tuberculosis that began with a tumor in the right iliac fossa, fever and abdominal pain. The case was assessed in the Pneumology group, where taking into account the clinical evolution and the result of the complementary examinations, it was decided to initiate specific antituberculous treatment with the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. After these studies, patient, s evolution was good with the protocolized treatment(AU)

A prospective study on tubercular fistula in ano and its management / Estudo prospectivo sobre a fístula anal tuberculosa e seu tratamento

Abstract Objective Tuberculosis fistula in ano, though less encountered, is an important clinical entity in developing countries like India. Diagnosis of TB fistula is a challenge despite of advances in diagnostic modalities and it depends upon both local and systemic clinical presentation. This prospective study aimed at to substantiate the importance of clinical diagnosis as well as medical management of tubercular fistula by antitubercular drugs. Methods and results 25 patients of fistula in ano suspected to be of tubercular origin underwent histopathology of fistulous tracks and an 8 week therapeutic trial of antitubercular treatment after getting an informed consent. Though biopsy showed positive evidence of tubercular pathology only in 52% cases, therapeutic trial showed improvement in local and systemic features in 23 (92%) cases. Of these 23 cases, 3 were cured after 18 months of anti tubercular treatment and 18 showed cure after 24 months of anti tubercular treatment while 2 cases withdrew from the study at 12 and 14 months respectively due to adverse drug reactions though their fistulous symptoms were relieved. Conclusion Meticulous clinical evaluation plays a vital role in diagnosis of tubercular fistula in addition to other diagnostic methods. Anti tubercular treatment is the mainstay of treatment in tubercular fistula with a minimum duration of 18-24 months owing to the recurrent and relapsing nature of disease.

Resumo Objetivo A fístula anal da tuberculose (TB), embora menos observada, constitui entidade clínica importante em países em desenvolvimento, como a Índia. O diagnóstico de fístula TB é tarefa desafiadora, apesar dos avanços nas modalidades diagnósticas; seu estabelecimento depende tanto da apresentação clínica local, como da apresentação sistêmica. Esse estudo prospectivo teve por objetivo consubstanciar a importância do diagnóstico clínico e também do tratamento clínico da fístula TB com medicamentos contra tuberculose. Métodos e resultados Foi realizado estudo histopatológico de tratos fistulosos em 25 pacientes com fístula anal com suspeita de origem tuberculosa; depois de obtido o consentimento livre e informado, esses pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento anti-tuberculose (TAT) durante 8 semanas. Embora a biópsia tenha revelado evidência positiva de patologia tuberculosa em apenas 52% dos casos, o curso terapêutico resultou em melhora nos aspectos local e sistêmico em 23 (92%) pacientes. Desses 23 casos, 3 e 18 casos estavam curados após 18 e 24 meses de TAT, respectivamente, enquanto que 2 pacientes desistiram do estudo após 12 e 14 meses, respectivamente, em decorrência de reações farmacológicas adversas, mesmo diante do alívio de seus sintomas fistulosos. Conclusão Juntamente com outros métodos diagnósticos, uma avaliação clínica meticulosa desempenha papel vital no diagnóstico da fístula TB. TAT é o principal procedimento terapêutico em pacientes com fístula TB, com duração mínima de 18-24 meses devido à natureza recorrente e recidivante da doença.

Penetrating gastric ulcer as a manifestation of multisystemic tuberculosis / Úlcera gástrica penetrante como manifestación de tuberculosis multisistémica

We present the case of a 30-year old female with a history of abdominal pain, fever, poor oral tolerance and weight loss for 6 months. An abdominal CT scan showed marked gastric dilatation due to extrinsic compression from lymphadenopathies around the second portion of the duodenum. The upper endoscopy revealed the presence of a penetrating gastric ulcer in the greater curvature. Biopsies of the lesions showed hystiocytes with granulomatous features and Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positive, and the cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive to Isonazid and Rifampin. Subsequently anti-TB regimen was initiated achieving great clinical and endoscopic improvement.

Se presenta un caso de una mujer de 30 años de edad con historia de dolor abdominal, fiebre, poca tolerancia oral y pérdida de peso por 6 meses. Un CT scan abdominal muestra dilatación marcada gástrica debido a una compresión extrínseca por adenopatías alrededor de la segunda porción del duodeno. Una endoscopía alta revela la presencia de una úlcera gástrica penetrante en la curvatura mayor. Las biopsias mostraron histiocitos con granulomatosis y bacilos acid fast positivos y en los cultivos crecieron micobacterium tuberculosis sensibles a isoniacidad y rifampicina. Subsecuentemente se inició el régimen anti TBC lográndose una mejoría clínica y endoscópica evidente.

Tuberculosis ileocecal: revisión de la literatura a partir de un caso clínico / Ileocecal tuberculosis: literature review from a case report

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge. The true incidence of intestinal TB is unknown, as it can be asymptomatic, and by its nature, often diverts its diagnosis to neoplastic diseases or inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, we must have a high index of suspicion, not only in high risk populations and immunocompromised patients. Diagnostic tests that certify the pathology, don’t always achieve excellent performance. Endoscopic findings are not always clear in differentiating malignancy, and in some cases, a therapeutic trial may be needed to confirm the disease. We present the case of a patient with chronic diarrhea, consumptive syndrome and without respiratory symptoms at its onset.

La tuberculosis (TBC) sigue siendo un reto importante de salud pública. La verdadera incidencia de TBC intestinal es desconocida, ya que puede ser asintomática, y por su naturaleza a menudo desvía su diagnóstico a patologías neoplásicas o de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Por lo tanto, se debe tener un alto índice de sospecha, no sólo en poblaciones de alto riesgo y en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Las pruebas diagnósticas que certifiquen la patología no siempre se logran ni tienen un excelente rendimiento. Los hallazgos endoscópicos no siempre son claros para diferenciarla de una neoplasia, y en algunos casos una prueba terapéutica puede ser la confirmación de la enfermedad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con diarrea crónica, cuadro consuntivo y sin síntomas respiratorios al inicio de su cuadro.

Tuberculosis infantil: un caso clínico de presentación típica / Childhood tuberculosis: a clinical case of atypical presentation

La tuberculosis (TBC) infantil, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), es la que se presenta en menores de 15 años. Es responsable de aproximadamente 11% de todos los casos de TBC en el mundo. En Uruguay en los últimos años se ha observado un aumento de la incidencia de la enfermedad en niños. El diagnóstico de TBC infantil representa un desafío, ya que en el niño la infección suele cursar con manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y muchas veces en forma asintomática, lo que retrasa el diagnóstico. Se describe el caso de una escolar a la que se le diagnosticó TBC pulmonar y abdominal. La niña no tenía noción de contacto epidemiológico. Se presentó inicialmente con una clínica sugestiva de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad de probable etiología inespecífica. Su evolución no fue la esperada, por lo que se buscaron otros agentes etiológicos. La prueba tuberculínica fue positiva. La tomografía computada evidenció múltiples adenopatías torácicas y abdominales, hallazgos que sugirieron el diagnóstico de TBC, a forma pulmonar y abdómino-ganglionar. Ante la sospecha se comenzó el tratamiento antituberculoso, con buena evolución. Posteriormente se confirmó la infección por M tuberculosis. Se destaca la importancia de mantener un alto índice de sospecha de la enfermedad, en vista a un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno y eficaz.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), childhood tuberculosis (TB) affects children under 15 years of age. It is accounts for approximately 11% of all cases of TB in the world. In Uruguay, the incidence of TB in children has increased in the recent years. The diagnosis of childhood TB is a challenge because clinical presentation is nonspecific in children, it is often asymptomatic, what delays diagnosis. The study presents the case of a girl with pulmonary and abdominal tuberculosis. She had no epidemiological contact and community acquired pneumonia was the initial clinical presentation. Clinical signs and symptoms failed to improve with treatment, so investigation of other etiologic agents was ruled out. Tuberculin test was positive. Computerized tomography revealed multiple thoracic and abdominal lymph nodes. Diagnosis of pulmonary and abdominal-nodal tuberculosis was suspected, tuberculosis treatment was started. M. tuberculosis infection was confirmed by sputum culture. High suspicion rates of the disease are necessary to provide a timely diagnosis and treatment.

Asymptomatic Synchronous Tuberculosis Involving Stomach and Small Bowel in Immunocompetent Patient / 대한소화기학회지

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis that is not an unusual form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and it is usually associated with immunocompromised condition that may present with clinical symptoms including fever, weight loss or pain. Terminal ileum and cecum are the common sites of involvement, but involvement of the stomach is rare. Furthermore, synchronous tuberculosis involving both the stomach and lower gastrointestinal tract has been reported in very few cases. Herein, we report a case of incidentally detected synchronous tuberculosis involving both the stomach and terminal ileum that was successfully treated by antituberculosis therapy in an asymptomatic immunocompetent patient.

Fluorescent quantitative PCR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease

Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn's disease (CD) are granulomatous disorders with similar clinical manifestations and pathological features that are often difficult to differentiate. This study evaluated the value of fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in fecal samples and biopsy specimens to differentiate ITB from CD. From June 2010 to March 2013, 86 consecutive patients (38 females and 48 males, median age 31.3 years) with provisional diagnoses of ITB and CD were recruited for the study. The patients' clinical, endoscopic, and histological features were monitored until the final definite diagnoses were made. DNA was extracted from 250 mg fecal samples and biopsy tissues from each patient. The extracted DNA was amplified using FQ-PCR for the specific MTB sequence. A total of 29 ITB cases and 36 CD cases were included in the analysis. Perianal disease and longitudinal ulcers were significantly more common in the CD patients (P<0.05), whereas night sweats, ascites, and circumferential ulcers were significantly more common in the ITB patients (P<0.05). Fecal FQ-PCR for MTB was positive in 24 (82.8%) ITB patients and 3 (8.3%) CD patients. Tissue PCR was positive for MTB in 16 (55.2%) ITB patients and 2 (5.6%) CD patients. Compared with tissue FQ-PCR, fecal FQ-PCR was more sensitive (X2=5.16, P=0.02). We conclude that FQ-PCR for MTB on fecal and tissue samples is a valuable assay for differentiating ITB from CD, and fecal FQ-PCR has greater sensitivity for ITB than tissue FQ-PCR.

An Interesting Case of Tuberculous Colitis Mimicking Crohn's Disease.

Intestinal tuberculosis is a rare disease in western countries and may mimic a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we report the case of a 29-yr-old male patient who presented with loose motions, loss of appetite and loss of body weight since two years. On colonoscopy transverse colon, ascending colon, caecum and ileocaecal mucosa was inflamed, swollen and showed multiple superficial longitudinal ulcerations. Crohn’s disease was suspected based on colonoscopic finding. However histopathological examination of biopsies from colonic mucosa then revealed caseating granulomas in the colonic mucosa typical for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Our diagnosis is supported by raised serum IgM levels.The patient responded nicely to antitubercular therapy. This case emphasizes the need to include intestinal tuberculosis in the initial differential diagnosis of ulcerative colorectal lesions.

Tuberculosis of Rectum simulating malignancy and presenting as rectal prolapse - A case report and review.

Summary: Tuberculosis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) occurs as a primary lesion or secondary to a focus of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body, most commonly in the lungs. Tuberculosis can affect any part of the GIT from the oesophagus to the anal canal. Two main types are – the tuberculous ulcer and the rarer hypertrophic type which is generally found at the ileocecal junction, less commonly in the colon or rectum. Tuberculosis of bowel distal to ileocecal junction is rare and is seldom considered as a differential diagnosis of rectal stricture (2%).1,6 We report a case of rectal tuberculosis presenting with rectal prolapse and masquerading as malignancy, clinically, radiologically as well as on colonoscopy. The diagnosis was confirmed by repeated histopathological examination. The patient underwent definitive surgery along with anti-tuberculous therapy.

Tuberculosis colónica. Presentación de caso / Colonic tuberculosis. Report of a case

Introducción: la tuberculosis es una enfermedad conocida desde la antigüedad, causada por el Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. En las últimas décadas hubo un resurgimiento de la patología, debido a la infección por HIV. La tuberculosis gastrointestinal representa del 3 al 5% de todos los casos de localización extrapulmonar. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de una patología infrecuente del colon, a partir de un caso clínico. Material y método: paciente masculino de 50 años, operado, con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de tuberculosis colónica. Resultados: se realizó colectomía derecha, por hemorragia digestiva baja grave. Conclusiones: es una entidad poco frecuente, que raramente involucra el colon. El compromiso gastrointestinal es la sexta forma más frecuente de tuberculosis extrapulmonar. La región ileocecal, es la que se encuentra mas afectada. El tratamiento es médico, la cirugía se reserva para las complicaciones de la entidad.

Background: tuberculosis is a disease known since antiquity, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In recent decades there has been a resurgence of the disease due to HIV infection. The gastrointestinal tuberculosis represents 3 to 5% of extrapulmonary cases. Purpose: to evaluate the behavior of a rare pathology of the colon, from a clinical case. Material and Methods: male patient, 50 years old, diagnosed with colonic tuberculosis, who underwent surgery. Results: right colectomy for severe low gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusions: it is a rare entity, which rarely involves the colon. The gastrointestinal involvement is the sixth most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The ileocecal region, is the most affected. The treatment is medical, with surgery reserved for complications of the entity.

Tuberculosis of the Duodenum: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and outcome.

Buck&round: Duodenal tuberculosis accounts for <2% of abdominal tuberculosis and usually manifests with recurrent vomiting. Existing guidelines suggest surgery as the mainstay for both obtaining a definitive diagnosis as well as for therapy. Aims: The aim of this prospective study was to describe the clinical presentation and usefulness of endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of duodenal tuberculosis. Methods: Data of patients diagnosed to have duodenal tuberculosis over a three-year-period were analysed for age, presenting symptoms and outcome of therapy. Diagnosis was based on histological evidence of granulomatous inflammation along with unequivocal improvement in vomiting and other symptoms over six-eight weeks following a combination of anti-tubercular drug therapy and endoscopic balloon dilatation. Results: Ten patients with recurrent vomiting (median age 27 years) were diagnosed to have duodenal tuberculosis. Significant narrowing was seen at endoscopy in nine patients with post bulbar area being the commonest site in five patients. Histological diagnosis of granulomatous duodenitis was possible in nine (90%) patients. Balloon dilatation achieved resumption of normal diet at a median duration of seven days (range 2-40). Symptomatic improvement was substantiated by a median increase in BMI of 5 kg/m2 over the baseline value. Surgical intervention was not required in any patient. Conclusions : Recurrent vomiting due to gastric outlet obstruction is the commonest presentation of duodenal tuberculosis. Endoscopically, a histological diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation can be achieved in most of the patients. Endoscopic balloon dilatation coupled with anti-tubercular drug therapy is safe and effective treatment for this uncommon disease.

utility of platelet, mean platelet volume, and red cell distribution width in the diagnosis of active Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis

To evaluate the diagnostic utility of platelet count [PLT], mean platelet volume [MPV], and red cell distribution width [RDW] in patients with active Crohn's disease [CD] and intestinal tuberculosis [ITB]. This study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Sixty-eight patients with active CD, 35 with ITB, and 22 as control group were recruited. Blood routine test including white blood cell, red blood cell, PLT, MPV, RDW, and so forth was investigated. Patients with active CD and ITB have increased PLT and RDW [both p<0.001], and decreased MPV [p=0.002]. The RDW performed preferably in predicting both active CD [odds ratio [OR]=2.390, p=0.007], and ITB [OR=2.338, p=0.017], and had better diagnostic value [area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] - 0.812; p<0.001] than CRP [AUC - 0.716; p=0.007] and ESR [AUC - 0.804; p<0.001] in ITB diagnosis. Among the laboratory markers, RDW not only possessed the favorable capability to predict active CD, but also showed outstanding predicting capability, and good diagnostic value in ITB

A Case of Intestinal Tuberculosis with Perianal Fistula Diagnosed after 30 Years / 대한소화기학회지

Tuberculosis can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. However, anorectal tuberculosis has rarely been reported. A 46-years-old male presented with abdominal pain and perianal discharge of 30 years' duration. The patient had received operations for anal fistula and inflammation three times. Although he had been taking mesalazine for the past three years after being diagnosed with Crohn's disease, his symptoms persisted. Colonoscopy performed at our hospital revealed cicatricial change of ileocecal valve and diffuse ulcer scar with mild luminal narrowing of the ascending, transverse, and descending colon without active lesions. Multiple large irregular active ulcers were observed in the distal sigmoid and proximal rectum. An anal fistula opening with much yellowish discharge and background ulcer scar was observed in the anal canal. However, cobble-stone appearance and pseudopolyposis were not present. Therefore, we clinically diagnosed him as having intestinal tuberculosis with anal fistula and prescribed antituberculosis medications. Follow-up colonoscopy performed 3 months later showed much improved multiple large irregular ulcers in the distal sigmoid colon and proximal rectum along with completely resolved anal fistula without evidence of pus discharge.

Intestinal tuberculosis in immunocompetent/HIV negative patients: case report of two patients

In the past, extrapulmonary tuberculosis affected approximately 70% of patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. However, with the advent of highly effective therapy, intestinal tuberculosis has become rare - even more unusual in patients without immunodeficiency, HIV and pulmonary disease. The purpose of this study was to report the case of two patients diagnosed with intestinal tuberculosis and no immunodeficiency, HIV or lung disease. The first patient was diagnosed by colonoscopy performed in a mass located in the ileocecal region. After the tuberculosis treatment, the patient presented improvement regarding the mass and symptoms. The diagnosis of the second patient was achieved only with surgical resection of the lesion in proximal transverse colon. It is important for health professionals to know that intestinal tuberculosis should be considered as differential diagnosis of intestinal diseases, also for immunocompetent patients, even regarded as a rare disease. (AU)

No passado, a tuberculose extrapulmonar acometia cerca de 70% dos pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar avançada. Porém, com o surgimento da terapia de alta eficácia, a tuberculose intestinal tornou-se de ocorrência mais rara - sendo ainda mais incomum de ocorrer em pacientes sem imunodeficiência, HIV e doença pulmonar. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o caso de dois pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose intestinal, sem sinais de imunodeficiência, HIV ou doença pulmonar. A primeira paciente foi diagnosticada por meio de biópsias realizadas por colonoscopia em uma massa localizada em região ileocecal; após o tratamento da tuberculose a paciente apresentou melhora da lesão e dos sintomas. O diagnóstico do segundo paciente só foi obtido com a ressecção cirúrgica da lesão em cólon transverso proximal. É importante que os profissionais da saúde saibam que a tuberculose intestinal deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial de patologias intestinais, até mesmo em pacientes imunocompetentes, mesmo sendo rara. (AU)

A Survey of Actual Clinical Application Patterns in Korean Diagnostic Guidelines for Inflammatory Bowel Disease / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the actual application patterns of how Korean diagnostic guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were applied in clinical practice. METHODS: Questionnaires regarding guidelines for ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), intestinal Behcet's disease (BD) and intestinal tuberculosis (TB), were distributed during the 2011 Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease annual conference, and e-mail survey was additionally conducted. Forty eight questionnaires were collected. RESULTS: Most of responders (79.2%) were working at secondary (> or =500 beds) or tertiary referral centers. For the necessity of guidelines, 93.8% of responders gave positive answers in UC; 95.8% in CD; 81.3% in BD; 91.7% in TB. Of the clinicians, 95.8%, 91.7%, 64.6%, 77.1% had read UC, CD, BD and TB guideline, and 87.0%, 93.2%, 90.3%, and 92.0% replied that diagnostic guidelines for UC, CD, BD and TB were helpful in practice, respectively. Practice patterns were changed in 39.1%, 33.2%, 41.9%, and 54.1% of responders by UC, CD, BD and TB guidelines, respectively. For the needs of update, 58.7% of responders answered 'yes' in UC, 54.5% in CD, 51.6% in BD and 48.7% in TB. There were differences between recommendations and practice patterns, including colonoscopy surveillance in UC, radiological examinations for small bowel in CD and for intestinal obstruction in UC, or biopsy method in UC, CD and TB, and diagnostic criteria in BD. CONCLUSIONS: Although most of responders perceived the Korean diagnostic guidelines for IBD, there were differences between recommendations of guidelines and actual practice patterns. Therefore, the publicity and revision of diagnostic guidelines are important to reconcile theory and practice.